How To Move To Spain From USA: Everything You Need To Know

Spain’s popularity among Americans continues to surge, thanks to a lower cost of living, high-quality healthcare, and a relaxed lifestyle. Retirees, remote workers, and digital nomads find Spain’s new visa options appealing, while improved residency rules make relocation easier than before. Most Americans living in Spain enjoy an affordable lifestyle, with rent and daily costs substantially below US averages, and public health insurance making Spain a standout choice for families and retirees. Spain’s reforms in 2025—especially the digital nomad and non-lucrative visas—are fueling migration, and many expats view life in Spain as a gateway to European travel and long-term residency. We put together this moving guide to cover everything you need to know about how to move to Spain from the USA.

Why Americans Are Moving to Spain

For Americans fed up with the rising costs and political turbulence at home, Spain represents a fresh start with tangible practical benefits. As of 2025, Spain’s cost of living remains about 32% lower than the average in the United States, with key savings on rent, daily expenses, and healthcare. Public health insurance is robust and inexpensive compared to US standards, making Spain especially popular for retirees and families.

The lifestyle also caters to those seeking better work-life balance, with an emphasis on community, leisure time, and access to extensive travel opportunities across Europe. While newcomers need to navigate slower bureaucracy and embrace a different pace of life, most Americans find the adjustment well worth it after settling in.​

Spain has also introduced significant immigration reforms in 2025, streamlining the residence permit process and making it more attractive for foreigners to settle for the long term. New visa options, such as the digital nomad visa, allow American remote workers to live in Spain while working for employers worldwide. Many Americans are motivated not just by economic factors, but by the chance to join a safe, culturally rich society and potentially gain a pathway to EU citizenship after ten years of legal residence.​

• Recent data shows the US-born population in Spain is rising sharply, with over 50,000 Americans officially registered as residents in 2025—a 26% increase in just two years.
• Experts believe the total American community, including part-time and dual citizens, exceeds 100,000 and is concentrated in popular regions like Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, and the Costa del Sol.
• Spain now ranks among the world’s top destinations for expats, earning the highest marks for quality of life, healthcare, climate, and affordability.

Visa and Residency Options In Spain

Americans considering a move to Spain in 2025 can choose from several residency options designed for different needs and backgrounds. The most popular pathways are the digital nomad visa, non-lucrative visa, entrepreneurship visas, and employment-based permits, each with specific eligibility, documentation, and income requirements. Long-term residency and eventual citizenship are possible through years of legal residence, offering Americans both freedom and security for families, retirees, and remote workers seeking to live in Spain.

Here is a comparison table summarizing all the main Spanish residency pathway options for Americans in 2025 and each pathway’s defining features:​

Spain Digital Nomad Visa

The digital nomad visa is a standout option for Americans who work remotely for companies outside of Spain or operate their own location-independent businesses. To qualify in 2025, applicants must show at least €2,763 per month in remote income, valid health insurance for Spain, and a clean criminal record. The initial residency is valid for one year and can be renewed for additional years, with family members eligible to be included on the same application. This visa has quickly become one of the most popular routes for Americans looking to live long-term in Spain while maintaining their foreign employment or freelance contracts.​

Spain Non-Lucrative Visa

For retirees or financially independent Americans, the non-lucrative visa remains a top choice. Applicants must provide proof of a reliable annual income—usually at least €28,800 per year in 2025—derived from sources like pensions, investments, or rental properties. Working in Spain under this permit is not allowed. Holders benefit from Spain’s public healthcare system and a straightforward path to permanent residency after five continuous years. Renewals are granted for two years at a time after the initial one-year permit.​

Spain Work Visa

Americans who have secured a full-time job with a Spanish employer can apply for a work visa. This permit requires an official job offer and typically a labor market test to ensure the role could not be filled by a local resident. Work visas are valid for the duration of the employment contract, generally one year initially, and are renewable for as long as the work relationship continues. Visa holders may bring immediate family members under reunification rules.​

Highly Qualified Professional & EU Blue Card in Spain

Specialized professionals or executives with advanced degrees and high-demand skills have access to the Highly Qualified Professional visa or the EU Blue Card. These permits are designed for senior corporate roles or critical expertise, requiring a Spanish job offer and a salary well above the national average (often €40,000 or more per year). Both options grant fast-tracked residency (three years at first issuance for the Blue Card) and include favorable family reunification policies.​

Spain Entrepreneur and Self-Employment Visa

Entrepreneur visas are available for Americans launching innovative businesses in Spain. Applicants must submit a credible business plan, show proof of sufficient funding, and demonstrate the venture’s economic or technological value to Spain. Approved applicants receive a one-year residency, with renewals available as the business grows. Self-employment (autónomo) permits are available for independent professionals with the right credentials and funding who plan to operate as freelancers or contractors in Spain.​

Spain Student Visa

Those admitted to recognized Spanish academic institutions can obtain a student visa, which grants residency for the duration of their studies. Students must prove enrollment, sufficient funds for living expenses, and health insurance. Limited part-time work (typically up to 20–30 hours weekly) is often permitted, and the visa can sometimes be converted to a work permit upon graduation.​

Family Reunification in Spain

Legal residents and citizens of Spain can sponsor spouses, partners, minor children, and certain dependent relatives for reunification visas. Financial support requirements and proof of family ties are necessary. Residency rights are typically aligned with those of the primary visa holder, and family members can access healthcare, education, and the labor market according to permit terms.​

Spain Golden Visa (Ended April 2025)

Spain’s Golden Visa program, which offered residency to those investing in Spanish real estate or businesses, has ended and is not available to new applicants as of April 2025. Existing permit holders may continue to renew under prior rules, but investment is no longer a valid initial pathway for US citizens seeking Spanish residency.​

Pursuing Permanent Residency and Citizenship in Spain

All of these pathways include the potential to move toward permanent residency after five years of continuous legal residence, and citizenship after ten years, if other requirements are met. This offers US immigrants access to most of the rights and benefits of native citizens, including the ability to live and work throughout the European Union. Understanding the requirements and timelines for each stage is essential for strategic migration planning.​

Permanent Residency in Spain: Requirements and Step-by-Step

Permanent residency in Spain, officially called “residencia de larga duración,” becomes available to Americans and other non-EU nationals after five consecutive years of legal residency. Qualifying years may be accumulated under visas like the Spain digital nomad visa, non-lucrative visa, work permit, or family reunification. Applicants must demonstrate continuous residence, meaning they have spent at least 183 days per year in Spain, and provide proof of financial means, valid health insurance, and clean police records. Evidence such as a steady income, housing contracts, empadronamiento (official address registration), and payment of taxes is required. Permanent residents enjoy greater job flexibility, freedom to change employers or economic status, and reduced renewal frequency, with cards typically valid for five to ten years, depending on age and situation.​

Step 1: Maintain Legal Residence for Five Years

Remain in Spain for five consecutive and legal years under an accepted visa or residence permit. You must not spend more than six consecutive months, or ten total months, outside Spain during this period. Visas that qualify include the Spain digital nomad visa, non-lucrative visa, work permit, student visa (with limitations), and family reunification permits.

Step 2: Register and Stay Compliant

Throughout your stay, keep your empadronamiento (local town hall address registration) current, renew your temporary residence permits as soon as eligible, and pay any applicable taxes or social security contributions. Save all residency cards and official documents to prove continuity.

Step 3: Gather Documentation

When you approach five years, assemble:

• Your resident cards for all years in Spain
• Proof of continuous empadronamiento registration
• Valid passport
• Proof of financial means and health insurance (public or private)
• Police clearance certificate from both Spain and the US (recent, usually within 3 months of application)
• Proof of payment of relevant fees

Step 4: Submit Permanent Residency Application

Apply at your local Oficina de Extranjería (immigration office) or via Spain’s online immigration platform. Submit your documents and complete the required application form for the “residencia de larga duración” (long-term EU resident status if desired).

Step 5: Application Processing and Interview

Attend a biometric appointment (foto y huellas) and respond to any requests for extra documentation. Wait times vary but usually range from one to four months.

Step 6: Receive Your Permanent Residency Card (TIE)

Once approved, you’ll be notified to pick up your new long-term residency card at the designated police station. This TIE card is typically valid for five years and allows broad work and residency rights across Spain.

Spain Citizenship for Americans: Requirements and Step-by-Step

After ten years of continuous legal residency in Spain, most Americans become eligible to apply for Spanish citizenship by naturalization. The process is defined by spending the majority of each year in Spain, maintaining legal status, passing the A2 Spanish language exam (unless exempt), and successfully completing the CCSE exam on civic knowledge and Spanish society. Dual citizenship for Americans is not generally recognized, so applicants are required to renounce US citizenship upon naturalization—though in practice, enforcement is inconsistent and exceptions exist for citizens of certain countries. Accelerated citizenship timelines apply to applicants married to a Spanish citizen (one year of legal residence), and to nationals of Ibero-American nations, Andorra, Portugal, the Philippines, or Equatorial Guinea (two years).​

For Americans committed to building their lives in Spain, this journey offers long-term security, expanded opportunities throughout Europe, and full participation in Spanish civic life.

Step 1: Maintain 10 Years of Legal and Continuous Residence

Remain in Spain for ten consecutive years with valid residency permits. During each year, absences from Spain must not exceed three consecutive months, nor a total of six months over five years. All residency types (such as digital nomad, non-lucrative, work, family, or study permits) count toward this requirement as long as you maintain legal status and renew your residence cards on time.

Step 2: Prepare and Complete Required Exams

Before applying for citizenship, pass the DELE A2 Spanish language exam and the CCSE (Spanish constitutional and sociocultural knowledge) test. These assessments confirm your language proficiency and understanding of Spanish society. Both are offered regularly in Spain and at select locations abroad. Preparation courses are widely available online and in person.

Step 3: Gather Full Documentation

Start collecting all required documents well in advance:

• Valid passport and renewed Spanish residence cards
• Birth certificate (apostilled and translated to Spanish)
• Criminal background certificates from Spain and the US (recently issued, with apostille)
• Current empadronamiento (town registration) history showing continuous residence
• Proof of health insurance and financial stability
• Certificates showing completion of the DELE and CCSE exams
• Application form and proof of fee payment
  If married to a Spanish citizen or applying by descent, include marriage certificates or ancestor documents as required.

Step 4: Submit Your Citizenship Application

File your application in person at your local Civil Registry office in Spain, or at the Spanish Consulate if you reside abroad. Ensure all forms are accurately completed and all supporting papers are properly formatted, translated, and apostilled. Some offices require scheduled appointments, available online or by phone. You will pay an application fee at this stage.

Step 5: Wait for Processing and Respond to Requests

Spanish authorities estimate 12–24 months for processing citizenship applications, but exact timelines vary by region and workload. During this time, maintain legal residency. The registry may request clarifications or additional documents—respond promptly to avoid delays. Keep copies of all paperwork and correspondence for your records.

Step 6: Take the Oath of Allegiance

If your application is approved, schedule and attend the juramento (oath of allegiance) at your Civil Registry or consulate. This ceremony finalizes your status as a Spanish citizen and is a required legal step before obtaining government ID documents.

Step 7: Obtain Your Spanish Passport and DNI

With your citizenship certificate issued, apply for a Spanish DNI (national ID card) and passport either at a police station or consulate. Bring your certificate and new identification details to update official records. From this point, you enjoy full rights and mobility as a Spanish and EU citizen.

The evolving 2025 immigration regulations have made processing more efficient but still require advance planning and accurate documentation at each stage.

Planning Your Move To Spain And Estimating Moving Costs

Planning a move to Spain from the USA in 2025 is both an exciting adventure and a significant logistical project. Careful financial planning makes for a smoother transition, whether you’re moving solo or with an entire family. Below you’ll find the latest information on relocation costs, shipping options, and what to expect when preparing your budget for living in Spain.

Estimating Your Relocation and Living Costs

Relocation expenses vary widely depending on the volume you ship, your origin in the US, and which services you use. For most moves, total costs fall between $6,300 and $10,200 for shipping a standard 20-foot container from the East Coast to anywhere in Spain. Shipping from the West Coast can be closer to $7,600–$10,200 due to greater distance. Smaller loads or shared containers can save money, while air freight is significantly faster but up to 10–15 times more expensive than sea freight. It’s crucial to compare quotes from multiple international moving companies and confirm their experience with US-to-Spain relocations.​

Living costs in Spain are generally far lower than in the US. Rent is typically 25–50% less, and groceries, transportation, and utilities cost about 30–40% less, depending on the region. Many expats find that a monthly income of €2,500 ($2,670) to €3,000 ($3,200) allows for a comfortable lifestyle in most Spanish cities. Families should secure extra funds for the transition, plan for deposits on rental housing, and cover the first month’s expenses, budgeting at least €2,000 ($2,130) in emergency funds to cushion unexpected costs.

Visa and Residency Fees for US Citizens

Long-term stays require a Spanish visa, and application fees vary based on type. The most popular pathways—such as the non-lucrative and digital nomad visas—run between €80 ($85) and €600 ($640), with higher costs if using attorney services or expedited options. Each consulate may assess different local fees, so always check details for your region, and include costs for translations, document apostilles, and express shipping of originals.

Travel Costs and Initial Setup in Spain

Flights from the US to Spain typically cost between $500 and $1,200, with seasonal variations and different airlines. On arrival, you’ll face temporary accommodation, initial groceries, deposits for rentals, and costs for establishing local services like Internet and utilities.

Importing a Car to Spain From the USA: Key Steps and Costs

Importing a car from the USA to Spain is possible, but requires navigating detailed import regulations, technical inspections, and various tax obligations under Spanish and EU law. For an in-depth, stepwise guide, refer to How to Import a Car to Spain: Is it worth it?.​

Overview of the Car Import Process

Begin by choosing a moving company or shipping specialist experienced in transatlantic vehicle transport. This expertise helps you comply with both American export rules and Spanish import procedures. Cars must travel by sea container (most common for standard vehicles) or via specialized vehicle shipping (Ro-Ro vessels for large cars, trucks, or specialty models).​

Upon arrival, vehicles undergo Spanish customs clearance, where import duties and VAT are assessed:

• Import Duty: 10% of the car’s value (plus shipping costs)
• Value Added Tax (VAT): 21% of the combined car value and import duty
• Registration Tax (IEDMT): Based on CO₂ emissions, typically ranging from 0%–15% (higher emissions mean higher taxes)​

Classic vehicles (over 30 years old) qualify for a reduced 12% VAT rate, and may face streamlined compliance requirements. Drivers relocating permanently and importing a car they have owned for over six months may qualify for duty-free import, though documentation must prove residency status and prior ownership.​

Vehicle Compliance and Registration Requirements

After customs, your American car must pass Spain’s strict homologation process. This involves:

• Modification of headlights, turn signals, and speedometers to Spanish/EU standards
• Proof of compliance with Euro 6 emissions guidelines (for modern vehicles)
• Successful technical inspection at an authorized ITV station
• Receipt of a homologation certificate before registration

Once certified, register the car with local authorities, pay final registration taxes, and obtain official Spanish plates before driving the vehicle in Spain.​

American citizens can drive in Spain using a US license and International Driving Permit for up to six months. For longer stays, a Spanish driver’s license is required, which involves a medical check and theory exam.

Taxes, Costs, and Key Considerations

Importing a modern vehicle carries a substantial tax burden—often adding 35–48%+ to its value via duties, VAT, and registration taxes. For example, a $40,000 car may incur $4,000 in import duty, $9,000+ in VAT, and further registration taxes depending on its emission rating. Classic vehicles face lower costs, and electric cars can benefit from reduced registration tax rates.​

Consult vehicle import specialists and obtain shipping quotes before purchase. Proper documentation and early planning streamline the import process and help avoid unnecessary fees or delays.

How To Move To Spain With Pets: Step-By-Step Import Process

Well-prepared paperwork and early planning will make your pet’s journey to Spain as smooth as possible. For questions about breeds, documentation, or airline restrictions, consult your veterinarian and the official Spanish consulate website before booking travel.​

Managing Finances In Spain For US Expats

Managing finances in Spain as a US immigrant requires upfront planning and ongoing organization, from opening your first bank account to handling retirement funds and cross-border tax obligations. By understanding how Spanish and US regulations intersect, you can optimize your banking, transfers, investments, and retirement income for a smooth financial life abroad.​

Obtaining a NIE in Spain: The Essential First Step

One of the very first—and most important—tasks for US immigrants and expats settling in Spain is obtaining a Número de Identidad de Extranjero (NIE). This unique foreigner identification number is legally mandatory for nearly all official, financial, and property-related transactions in Spain. Without an NIE, you won’t be able to open a Spanish bank account, sign a long-term lease, pay local taxes, register for healthcare, or conduct any significant legal or financial transactions.​

What is the NIE, and Who Needs It?

The NIE serves as your personal identification and tax number in Spain. Every non-citizen who plans to live, work, buy property, or even stay in Spain longer than three months needs a valid NIE. US citizens will need it for:

• Opening a bank account
• Renting or buying property
• Securing employment or registering a business
• Enrolling in public healthcare and other social services
• Paying utility bills and signing up for mobile/internet contracts
• Managing taxes, investments, or vehicle purchases​

How to Apply for a NIE:

In the US:
You can apply at your nearest Spanish consulate before leaving the US. Bring your completed EX-15 application form, passport (and copy), a document explaining your reason for needing a NIE (such as a lease agreement or job offer), and proof of appointment/payment. Processing generally takes two to eight weeks.​

In Spain:
If you arrive without an NIE, apply at the local police station or Oficina de Extranjeros (Foreigners’ Office). You’ll need a completed EX-15 form, passport and copy, proof of address or contract requiring an NIE, a Spanish tax payment form (modelo 790), and the corresponding fee (about €10–15). Book an appointment (“cita previa”) online where possible, as walk-ins are rarely accepted in major cities.​

Tips for a Smooth Process

• Be prepared for bureaucracy. Spanish paperwork often involves multiple steps, so bring all documents, including copies and, where needed, officially translated versions.
• Apply early. As your NIE is needed to activate a bank account, sign leases, and register for nearly every other essential service, securing it right away prevents costly and time-consuming delays.
• Consider a gestor. Local administrative advisors (“gestores”) can help assemble paperwork, interpret requirements, and schedule appointments—especially useful if you are not fluent in Spanish.

Opening a Spanish Bank Account as a US Citizen

Most Americans start with a non-resident account, which can be opened in Spain with a valid passport, US tax identification number (TIN), proof of address, and, in some cases, income documentation. Online options are increasingly available—top expat-friendly banks include BBVA, Sabadell, Santander, N26, and ING. Upon gaining residency, upgrade to a resident account for access to wider services like mortgages, local payroll deposits, and investment platforms. Due to US FATCA regulations, you’ll be required to sign a W-9 form, and your bank will periodically report your balances to the IRS. Always ensure your email and mobile number are up to date for banking app setup and security.​

Transferring Money to Spain

Transferring funds from the US to Spain is best handled through international money transfer platforms such as Wise, OFX, or Revolut, which offer low fees and real-time exchange rates, usually much better than traditional banks. Many platforms let you schedule automated transfers and keep dollar-denominated accounts for US deposits. For retirement and pensions (like Social Security), US citizens can request direct deposits into Spanish bank accounts, but many advisors recommend keeping US bank accounts for regular income and transferring to Spain when needed to optimize rates and minimize transfer costs.​

Retirement Income and Pension Planning

US retirees in Spain typically receive Social Security and private pension payments from the US, with the option of direct deposit into a Spanish account. Under the US–Spain tax treaty, Social Security is taxed only by the US, while withdrawals from IRAs and 401(k)s may face Spanish taxes if you are a tax resident. Spanish private health insurance is required for non-lucrative and other visas, and once you reach Spain’s retirement age (pensionista), you can access the public healthcare system after residency is granted via your local town hall (“empadronamiento”).​

Spanish Tax Structure: Key Implications for Americans

American expats in Spain are subject to both US and Spanish tax obligations. Spanish residents pay tax on worldwide income: salary, pensions, business revenue, rental income, and investments. The general personal income tax rate in Spain ranges from 19–47% (state and regional rates combined), with 19–30% on investment and savings income as of 2025. Non-residents pay a flat 24% on Spanish-source income. US citizens living abroad must file annual US tax returns, but the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion (up to $130,000 for 2025), Foreign Tax Credit, and bilateral tax treaty provisions typically eliminate double taxation for most.​

NOTE: Failure to comply with Spanish tax residency rules, especially for remote workers and digital nomads, can result in audit risk and fines. Expats who become Spanish tax residents must report global assets worth over €50,000 ($54,000) using the Modelo 720 form—non-compliance carries harsh penalties.

Cost of Living Comparison: Spain vs USA

Deciding to relocate from the USA to Spain is motivated for many Americans by Spain’s reputation for affordability and quality of life. In 2025, the gap remains substantial: living expenses in Spain average 35–40% less than in the United States, enabling expats to enjoy a comparable lifestyle on significantly lower budgets. For example, what would typically cost $100,000 in the US can be achieved for around $60,000–$65,000 in Spain.

Excluding rent, everyday costs such as food, transportation, and health care are over 40% lower. These savings are especially apparent in major expense categories—housing, healthcare, dining out, and day-to-day services—all making Spain an attractive destination for those who want to maximize quality of life while minimizing costs.

To give you a clear perspective, this guide provides up-to-date comparisons for popular Spanish cities such as Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, and Málaga alongside well-known US cities like New York, Los Angeles, Denver, and Seattle. This apples-to-apples breakdown will help you make informed decisions and set your budget with confidence.

Rental Prices in Spain vs. Major US Cities

Monthly rental rates in Spain remain far more affordable than in the United States, especially in large cities and regional capitals. Renting an apartment in central Madrid or Barcelona averages €1,400–€1,760 ($1,600–$2,000) per month for a modern two-bedroom flat, while even more affordable choices under €900 ($1,000) are found in cities like Valencia or smaller towns. Regional differences persist, with prime tourist areas (Balearic and Canary Islands, Costa del Sol) costing more, yet still well below the rents for comparable US urban locations.

The following table offers a side-by-side comparison of average monthly rental prices in Spain’s top cities and major cities across the United States in 2025:

Key insights: Renting in Spain is consistently 50–70% less expensive than in major US metro areas. Even the most expensive Spanish cities offer substantial savings, while cities like Valencia, Alicante, and Malaga present further value for budget-conscious expats or families.

Real Estate Prices in Spain vs. USA

Spain’s property prices also remain dramatically lower than those in the United States as of October 2025, both in terms of price per square meter (m²) and for move-in-ready apartments and homes. Coastal hotspots and city centers in Madrid and Barcelona approach €4,500/m² ($4,790), but mid-sized cities and many popular towns are regularly priced under €2,000/m² ($2,130).

The table below compares the average purchase price for urban apartments—per square meter—and average home cost for select Spanish cities and US urban centers:

Spanish real estate offers remarkable value, especially outside the large urban hubs. Purchasing a home in Spain generally costs less than half of what buyers pay for comparable city-center properties in the US. Budget-conscious buyers will find many excellent options in regions such as Valencia, Alicante, Murcia, and Granada, where both the price per square meter and total home prices are a fraction of US averages. In contrast, New York and Los Angeles command some of the world’s highest property prices.

Daily Expenses in Spain

Daily expenses in Spain continue to offer significant savings for Americans relocating in 2025. With groceries, dining, utilities, transportation, and personal services all markedly less expensive than in the United States, expats find that everyday costs are both manageable and predictable. Spain’s agricultural abundance and efficient public transportation infrastructure further lower the financial burden of daily living, especially when compared to major US cities.​

Common monthly expenditures like groceries, public transport, home internet, and utilities together are about 35–50% more affordable across Spanish cities. Internet and mobile phone plans in Spain tend to be half the price of similar packages in the US, while restaurant prices and grocery shopping also make a large impact on monthly budgets. The following updated table highlights the comparative costs for major categories in Spain’s principal cities and major US urban centers:​

In summary:

• Groceries in Spanish cities are about 40–50% cheaper than in the US, largely thanks to domestic food production and marketplace competition.
• Dining out, even in tourist zones, usually costs half or less what you’d pay in the US.
• Public transit passes rarely exceed $60 in Spain’s biggest cities; US cities frequently double that cost with less comprehensive networks.
• Utilities and high-speed internet are not only affordable but also reliable and easy for newcomers to set up.

Navigating Jobs and Professional Life in Spain

Navigating the Spanish job market as a US immigrant requires clarity about work visa categories, targeted job searches, and adapting to Spain’s unique hiring landscape. Job opportunities range from tech and teaching to tourism, hospitality, and the expanding remote sector, with new government policies streamlining work permit approvals and encouraging international talent across critical industries.​

Finding a Job in Spain as an American

Job search success in Spain pivots on securing proper work authorization. For Americans, the main options are company-sponsored work visas, the recently launched Spain Job Seeker Visa (for graduates and professionals), and the Digital Nomad Visa for remote work with non-Spanish employers. In-demand sectors for foreign workers include technology, engineering, healthcare, hospitality, tourism, and education (especially English teaching). Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, and Málaga are the central hubs for tech and finance, while Spain’s “Occupations of Difficult Coverage” list fast-tracks blue-collar and seasonal labor shortage roles for expat sponsorship.​​

Networking remains crucial; direct applications via Spanish job platforms like InfoJobs, EURES, and LinkedIn, combined with local recruitment agencies, open doors to roles that may not be posted elsewhere. Onsite presence is a major advantage, improving interview odds and facilitating onboarding, while learning Spanish—even at a conversational level—greatly increases marketability and integration with local colleagues.​​

Teaching English, Tech, and Remote Work in Spain

Teaching English continues to be a flagship path for Americans, with programs such as Auxiliares de Conversación, private academies, and international schools recruiting US citizens, often as language and culture assistants. Monthly pay averages €1,500–€2,000 ($1,600–$2,130), and placement support includes visa processing, onboarding, and access to social professional networks—a popular way for career-changers and young professionals to secure stable work. The tech industry, meanwhile, is steadily growing, with salaries often starting at €2,000 ($2,130) and higher for skilled roles in development, AI, cybersecurity, and remote-first startups.​

Remote working flourishes under Spain’s digital nomad regime, with co-working facilities and community networks expanding beyond major cities into second-tier hubs and rural regions. Spain’s digital infrastructure, favorable tax schemes for new residents, and high lifestyle value make it an ideal base for global professionals seeking work-life balance and enhanced cultural experiences.​

Understanding Spanish Work Culture and Professional Environment

Spanish workplaces emphasize personal connections, informal communication, and flexible schedules. The standard workweek is 40 hours, but siestas, extended lunch breaks, and later workday finishes are common, particularly outside Madrid. Documentation—such as NIE/TIE registration, social security enrollment, and employment contracts—is required before any formal employment, and newcomers should expect regional differences in salary, workload, and holiday allowances.

US immigrants will find the Spanish job market more welcoming in 2025, with accelerated visa processing, increasing demand in critical sectors, and a rising number of job ads offering remote and hybrid options. Although salary levels may lag behind the US, especially in hospitality and entry-level education, the reduced cost of living and high quality of life make it possible.

Understanding Healthcare in Spain

Relocating to Spain means gaining access to a world-class healthcare system, but navigating Spain’s public and private health insurance, eligibility rules, and registration processes is essential for a smooth transition. Spain’s system offers universal coverage for residents who contribute to social security, but private plans and special programs ensure that all immigrants—from retirees to digital nomads—can secure essential medical care.​

Accessing Spain’s Public Healthcare: Eligibility and Registration for US Immigrants

Spain’s public healthcare system, known as the Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS), is funded by taxes and social security contributions. Americans who are employed or self-employed in Spain automatically contribute to social security and are entitled to comprehensive public healthcare for themselves and their dependents. To access the SNS, newcomers must:

• Obtain legal residency in Spain via a visa or residence permit.
• Register for a Spanish social security number (Número de la Seguridad Social).
• Add themselves to the local municipal census or padrón.
• Apply for recognition of entitlement online, then take the resulting certificate—with their residency and identity documents—to their local primary health care center to receive the Individual Health Card (Tarjeta Sanitaria Individual, TSI).​

With your health card, you can book appointments at assigned local doctors and health centers; specialist visits or non-urgent care typically require a referral from your assigned physician. In an emergency, Spain mandates treatment for everyone, regardless of legal status.​

Non-working residents, such as retirees or those on certain visas, may also access the public system. The Convenio Especial program offers a route in: after at least one year of legal residency and local registration, non-EU foreigners can pay a flat monthly fee (about €60 [$64] under 65, or €157 [$167] for those 65 and older) for public healthcare, though prescription coverage and dental benefits are limited.​

Comparing Private and Public Health Insurance for Expats

Many US immigrants begin in Spain with private health insurance—required for most long-term immigrant and non-lucrative visas—since public access often requires prior work or long-term residency. Spanish private health plans can cost as little as €50–€100 ($54–$108) per month and offer faster specialist access, English-speaking services, and extensive hospital networks. To qualify for residency, private policies must cover all major medical needs with no deductibles, copays, or waiting periods, and include repatriation benefits. Major providers include Sanitas, Adeslas, DKV, and Asisa.​

Once integrated into the public system, many expats keep private coverage for streamlined dental, vision, mental health, or routine specialist care unavailable or limited in the SNS. Dental care is generally excluded from public coverage except for emergencies; standalone dental insurance plans average €15–€40 ($16–$43) per month, providing access to top private clinics at competitive rates.​

Dental and Vision Insurance for Expats

Spanish public healthcare rarely covers routine dental or vision care for adults. Most expats pay out-of-pocket for dental cleanings, fillings, crowns, or orthodontics, or purchase supplemental dental insurance. Basic dental coverage may be included in some private plans; more extensive treatments require a separate dental policy or “blended” private plan. Routine eye care, glasses, and contacts must also be paid directly, though ophthalmologist visits for illnesses or injuries are typically covered through the public system.​

Long-Term Care, Disability, and Eldercare for Immigrant Families

Spain’s SNS includes subsidized long-term care and disability programs, but eligibility is typically tied to years of residency and social security contributions. American retirees and residents may qualify for government-funded care homes, home care, and disability support, but benefits and waitlists vary by region. Private retirement and long-term care facilities offer immediate access and additional amenities for those with means or supplementary insurance.​

Key Healthcare Takeaways for US Immigrants

Spain’s healthcare system is consistently ranked among the best in the world, offering both peace of mind and cost-effectiveness. For newly arrived Americans, private health insurance offers immediate, broad coverage; over time, workforce participants and long-term residents can enjoy virtually universal care via the public system, with lower out-of-pocket healthcare costs than in the US. For those not eligible for direct state coverage, programs like Convenio Especial and robust private insurance plans bridge the gap, ensuring all legal residents can access high-quality care during their stay in Spain.

Education System in Spain

Spain’s education system, both modern and culturally rich, offers American families high international standards and diverse school pathways. Education is compulsory from ages 6 to 16, with flexible transitions into upper secondary, vocational pathways, or bilingual and international curricula that cater to expat needs. Public education is free at the point of access, and the system welcomes children of legal residents, ensuring access regardless of nationality.​

Structure of the Spanish Education System

Spanish education comprises several well-defined stages—Early Childhood (Educación Infantil, ages 0–6), Primary (Educación Primaria, ages 6–12), and Compulsory Secondary Education (Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, ESO, ages 12–16). Early childhood education is not mandatory, but widely attended, especially in the publicly funded second cycle (ages 3–6). Primary and secondary education, funded by the state, emphasize a strong foundation in math, science, languages, and social sciences, following a centralized curriculum with regional variations to support Catalan, Basque, and Galician languages in their respective regions.​

At the end of ESO, students receive the Graduado en Educación Secundaria certificate and can choose to enter the two-year Bachillerato program (pre-university academic track), vocational training (Formación Profesional), or enter the workforce. The Bachillerato focuses on preparation for university entrance and is available in mainstream, arts, or science streams, while FP provides avenues into technical or professional careers with strong employment prospects.​

Public, Semi-Private, and Private Schools

Spanish schools fall into three categories:

• Public schools (colegios públicos), managed and funded by national and regional governments, are tuition-free, although parents cover textbooks and supplies (€300–€400 per year per child).​
• Semi-private schools (colegios concertados) blend public funding with private tuition and often feature bilingual tracks, special programs, or religious education for a reduced fee.
• Private and international schools offer American, British, IB, or bilingual curricula, and are typically attended by expat families seeking US-style education, global diplomas, or advanced language immersion. Fees start around €4,000–€8,000 annually but can exceed €20,000 at top-tier international academies.​

Uniforms are generally not required in Spanish public schools but are standard in private schools. Enrollment requires proof of residency/visa status, vaccination records, and academic documents. Most public schools prioritize in-zone residents, and popular institutions can have competitive admissions—plan early for placement in major cities.​

Language and Curriculum Continuity for Expat Families

Most public education is conducted in Spanish, but bilingual and trilingual programs—often pairing Spanish and English or regional languages—are increasingly available, especially in urban, concertado, and international schools. Private international schools deliver US, British, or IB curricula entirely in English or bilingually, preserving curriculum continuity for relocating American families.

Language support is provided for children new to Spanish, although integration is fastest for ages 6–12. Families with older children or those seeking seamless reentry to the US, UK, or other school systems should consider accredited international schools or explore online/hybrid learning options.

Early Childhood and Childcare Costs

Preschool is available for children ages 0–6, with the second cycle (3–6) commonly free in public or concertado schools. Private nurseries and daycare centers cost from €300–€700 per month in urban regions, with lower rates in smaller cities and towns. Demand is generally high, so early application is recommended.​

Extracurricular Activities and Support for Special Needs

Schools and municipalities offer robust after-school activities, including soccer, basketball, music, STEM clubs, and arts. Inclusive education is a priority; children with learning or physical challenges have access to specialized support staff, adapted curriculum, and Individualized Education Plans (IEPs) where needed. Parents can access additional therapies and services through the public health system and private providers as required.​

Transportation to School

School transportation in Spain varies by region, but many public and concertado schools offer free or subsidized bus services for families outside urban zones. In cities, children commonly walk, bike, or use public transport, supported by discounted student passes. Families are advised to check local district policies for eligibility and fees.​

University and Post-Secondary Pathways

Students completing Bachillerato take a national “EvAU” university entrance exam, securing eligibility for Spain’s wide network of public and private universities. Degree programs follow the Bologna Process, facilitating credit transfer and mobility across Europe. Vocational training is a valued alternative, providing practical career preparation in high-demand sectors.​

Best Cities To Live In Spain in 2025

Spain continues to attract American expats thanks to rich culture, affordable living, and diverse urban and coastal lifestyles. However, a record-breaking cycle of wildfires, flooding, and heatwaves has reshaped the risk landscape in many regions. Anyone planning a move should factor real-world climate resilience and environmental change into their city choice.

Madrid: Cosmopolitan Opportunity Meets Historic Charm

Madrid stands as the central hub for business, art, and government. As Spain’s largest metropolis, it offers comprehensive healthcare, international schools, direct flights to the US, and lively nightlife that appeals to younger professionals and families alike. Expats choose Madrid for top-tier job opportunities in finance, tech, and education and for cosmopolitan neighborhoods like Chamberí, Lavapiés, Salamanca, and Malasaña. The cost of living is moderate compared to most US metros, but higher than elsewhere in Spain.​

Its central location and extensive infrastructure shield it from the country’s worst flooding and wildfire threats—the city’s emergency planning and investments in water and electricity infrastructure have proven relatively robust during recent disasters. Still, the wider Madrid region can experience extreme summer heat and brief rural power outages from grid disruptions.

Quality of Life: Vibrant, safe, and inclusive with outstanding cultural attractions. Urban opportunity, strong resilience to climate disruptions, well-prepared utilities.
Best for: Career-focused Americans, families, and lovers of urban energy.

Barcelona: International Flair on the Mediterranean

Barcelona blends iconic architecture (Gaudí’s masterpieces), an energetic startup scene, and beautiful urban beaches. While rents and real estate prices here are higher, the expat community is robust, making integration seamless for newcomers. English is widely spoken in business and hospitality, though Catalan culture adds a distinctive local touch.​

Barcelona’s mix of culture and coastline remains a global draw, but the metro region is increasingly prone to weather extremes. Flooding and coastal storms have hit Catalonia, with several neighborhoods affected by flash floods in 2024–2025. City investments in stormwater management are ongoing, yet urban and hillside developments have heightened local risk. Prospective residents should research flood zones and buildings with effective drainage and flood protection.​​

Quality of Life: High, with abundant festivals, restaurants, art venues, and accessible beach living. Dynamic, walkable; flood risk is localized but real.
Best for: Expats wanting cosmopolitan excitement plus easy access to nature.

Valencia: Spain’s Expat Favorite for 2025

Valencia ranks at or near the top in expat quality-of-life surveys, thanks to low living costs, rich cultural life, excellent transport, and beautiful beaches. Local highlights include Turia Gardens, the City of Arts and Sciences, and proximate villages and sea escapes. The city’s relaxed vibe, affordable housing, and active international community make it an excellent choice for retirees and remote workers.​

Valencia has also been among Spain’s most flood-impacted cities in recent years. In 2024–2025, devastating flash floods caused mass displacement and exposed weaknesses in older neighborhoods built on natural floodplains. Expats here should prioritize higher ground locations and newer developments with improved infrastructure.

Quality of Life: Exceptional, with outstanding healthcare and amenities. Excellent value—take flood preparedness seriously when evaluating neighborhoods.
Best for: Retirees, remote workers, families, Americans seeking Mediterranean living.

Málaga: Sunshine, Affordability, and Growing Tech Scene

Málaga and the broader Costa del Sol attract many US retirees and digital nomads for their year-round sun (over 320 days), vibrant arts scene, friendly cost of living, and improving job market (especially in tourism and tech). While housing is rising, it remains less expensive than Barcelona or Madrid.​

Málaga’s climate and affordability draws Americans, but southern Spain faces increasingly severe wildfires and summer droughts. The Costa del Sol saw large-scale evacuations and property losses in recent fire seasons, with persistent heat waves pushing rural and forested communities into higher risk categories. Urban areas remain secure, but those seeking hillside or mountain retreats should pay attention to fire management and real-time alerts.

Quality of Life: High, with top beaches, international airports, and active expat communities. Review fire risk for suburban and rural housing.
Best for: Sun-lovers, families, entrepreneurs seeking a slower-paced, social environment.

Seville: Classical Andalusian Beauty and Culture

Seville captivates with its Moorish architecture, flamenco tradition, and immersive festivals (Semana Santa, Feria de Abril). Living costs are lower, summers are hot, and the city’s ancient allure appeals to those wanting deep Spanish immersion and old-world charm.​

Seville faces some of Spain’s hottest summers, amplified by climate trends in 2025. Heat-related illness and water shortages disproportionately affect elderly and low-income residents. City living remains enjoyable thanks to a strong medical system and investments in water conservation, but summer temperature spikes present challenges for newcomers.

Quality of Life: Authentic, cultured, and tradition-rich; well-suited to expats looking to learn Spanish, but prepare for extreme summer heat.
Best for: Immersive culture seekers, creatives, and families.

Alicante: Coastal Convenience and Affordable Living

Alicante, a standout along the Costa Blanca, combines walkable city amenities with exceptional beaches. Expats benefit from affordable housing, solid healthcare, international connectivity, and a welcoming expat community. Rapid access to the rest of Europe and active lifestyle opportunities make it a top pick.​

The city was hit by torrential rain and mass flooding in 2025, with some districts submerged. Recent government upgrades to drainage and flood response are improving resilience, but pay special attention when choosing housing in lower-elevation or older riverside areas.

Quality of Life: Coastal lifestyle, value for money; factor in recent flood events when researching neighborhoods.
Best for: Those wanting value-for-money housing and Mediterranean leisure.

Spain Climate Variations By Region

Spain’s climate is notably diverse, shaped by both Mediterranean and unique regional influences. Coastal cities like Barcelona, Valencia, and Malaga enjoy a Mediterranean climate, characterized by warm temperatures for most of the year. Summers in these areas are warm, while winters remain mild.

In contrast, inland cities such as Madrid and Seville can face extremely hot summers, where temperatures frequently surpass 30˚C. However, their winters can be notably cooler, with lows around 4˚C.

The northern regions of Spain, including cities like Bilbao and San Sebastián, experience a cooler, greener climate, receiving more frequent rainfall. The average temperatures here range from 9°C in January to 21°C in July, offering a striking variation compared to the south.

Mediterranean Coast (Barcelona, Valencia, Málaga)

The Mediterranean coast enjoys a classic Mediterranean climate, with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. This region is perfect for those who love sunny weather and coastal living.

• Summers: Warm and dry, with average highs of 84-88°F (29-31°C).
• Winters: Mild and wet, with average highs of 57-63°F (14-17°C).
• Rainfall: Moderate, with most rain falling in autumn and winter.
• Best For: Beach lovers, sun seekers, and those who prefer mild winters.

Inland Cities (Madrid, Seville)

Inland cities experience a continental climate, characterized by extremely hot summers and cooler winters. These areas are ideal for those who enjoy distinct seasons.

• Summers: Hot and dry, with average highs of 92-97°F (33-36°C).
• Winters: Cooler, with average highs of 50-61°F (10-16°C).
• Rainfall: Low, with most rain occurring in spring and autumn.
• Best For: Those who enjoy distinct seasons and don’t mind temperature extremes.

Northern Spain (Bilbao, San Sebastián)

Northern Spain has an oceanic climate, with mild summers, cool winters, and frequent rainfall. This region is lush and green, offering a refreshing contrast to the drier south.

• Summers: Mild and pleasant, with average highs of 75-77°F (24-25°C).
• Winters: Cool and damp, with average highs of 54-55°F (12-13°C).
• Rainfall: High, with frequent rain throughout the year.
• Best For: Nature lovers, hikers, and those who prefer cooler, greener climates.

This table illustrates the temperature range across different regions:

Temperature Ranges by City

Here’s a detailed breakdown of average summer and winter temperatures in key Spanish cities:

These varying climatic conditions make Spain a fascinating country, offering different experiences throughout its regions, appealing to diverse preferences among locals and expatriates alike.

Tips for Integrating into Spanish Life As An Expat

Relocating to Spain presents a rewarding chance to immerse yourself in vibrant communities, historic traditions, and a welcoming Mediterranean culture. Successful integration requires more than enjoying the local cuisine and climate—it’s about embracing Spanish customs, connecting with neighbors, and navigating everything from language to bureaucracy.

Mastering Language and Communication

While most Spaniards in cities know some English, Spanish skills are essential—especially outside tourist zones. Take local language classes (focus on Castellano to avoid confusion with Latin American Spanish), use apps, and practice daily conversation with neighbors or at your local bar, which is a social hub in nearly every town. Learning a few phrases in regional languages like Catalan, Basque, or Galician signals respect and curiosity, especially when traveling or living across Spain’s diverse regions.​

Expect expressive, direct communication: hand gestures, cheek kisses (two, starting on the left), and open conversations signal friendship, not formality. In workplaces, adopt formal language and dress until relationships form—professional etiquette values respect and patience.

Adjusting to Spanish Customs and Traditions

Embrace Spain’s unhurried daily rhythm. Siestas may close neighborhood stores, but they signify important midday family meals rather than literal naps. Lunch is a lengthy, social main meal (often 2–3 hours), and dinners start late (typically after 9 PM). Don’t rush meals, and enjoy “tapas culture”—sharing small plates for connection and community. Greet everyone with “hola,” “buenos días,” or “adiós” when entering or leaving shops or neighborhood cafes.​

Spain’s regions offer their own festivals, foods, and historical landmarks—from the intensity of Seville’s Feria de Abril and flamenco traditions, to the inventive cuisine of the Basque Country and legendary beach parties on the Mediterranean. Explore widely and participate in local and regional celebrations to build roots.

Navigating Bureaucracy and Daily Life

Spanish administration is infamously slow, so prepare for multiple in-person appointments, careful paperwork, and patience with government or banking processes. Register with your local town hall (empadronamiento), acquire a NIE (Foreigner Identification Number), and set up your bank account promptly after arrival. Administrative guidance centers can assist in English and sometimes offer integration workshops.​

Dress standards are typically neat, even on casual outings—avoid gymwear unless at the gym or on the coast, and dress more formally for business. Table etiquette matters: keep your hands visible at meals, offer food and drink to guests, and always bring a small gift when visiting someone’s home.​

Building Social Connections and Support Networks

Spaniards value community and personal relationships. The best way to form friendships is through regular presence—visiting your neighborhood bar, joining local clubs (from sports to cooking), and getting involved in community events. Online platforms like InterNations, Facebook groups, and Meetup also help expats find support and social gatherings.​

Support networks are key for mental health and overall satisfaction. Making friends with natives and fellow expats builds a sense of belonging and improves life satisfaction, especially for immigrants adjusting to new norms and local customs. Be proactive; in smaller towns, language skills (B2+/intermediate Spanish) open many more doors for social integration.​

Respecting Social Etiquette

A few core habits foster respect and belonging: greet warmly, keep mealtimes social, be punctual for business (but flexible for personal plans), and tip for attentive service (round up or leave small change rather than US-style percentages). Be patient—deep friendships and cultural fluency take time.​

By embracing language learning, engaging in local traditions, staying patient with bureaucracy, and investing in authentic social connections, American immigrants can not only adapt but thrive in Spanish life.

Biggest Barriers To Relocating To Spain

Relocating to Spain from the USA comes with a wealth of lifestyle advantages, but also several significant hurdles. The most common barriers for American expats in 2025 include stringent visa requirements, complex bureaucracy, language barriers, cultural adaptation, and environmental risks specific to Spain’s diverse regions. Understanding these realities and preparing in advance makes the journey smoother and much more successful.​

Visa and Documentation Barriers

Securing a long-stay visa—such as the non-lucrative visa, digital nomad visa, or work visa—is the first major challenge. The non-lucrative visa requires proof of passive income of at least €28,800 ($30,730) per year in 2025, plus €7,200 ($7,690) per dependent, and does not permit employment in Spain. Long-stay visas always require recent police background checks, medical certificates, proof of private health insurance (with no copays), and several rounds of notarized or apostilled and officially translated documents. Americans must also plan months in advance: application processing can take one to three months or longer, and additional time may be needed for post-approval residency steps in Spain.​

Tip: Consulting a specialized immigration lawyer or gestor is highly recommended for gathering proper documents, submitting complete applications, and responding to requests from consular officers.

Bureaucratic and Administrative Challenges

Spain’s bureaucracy, though improved in recent years, remains a challenge for foreigners. Many essential tasks—including opening a bank account, registering at your town hall (empadronamiento), obtaining your NIE or TIE residency card, and enrolling in healthcare—require multiple in-person visits, patience, and persistence. Forms, requirements, and deadlines can vary between regions or even offices within the same city, making navigation frustrating for non-Spanish speakers.​

Tip: Hire a local gestor (administrative assistant) to streamline paperwork and ensure vital steps are handled correctly—this is a common practice even among locals.

Language and Cultural Adjustment Barriers

Government paperwork, utility contracts, and property rental agreements are nearly always in Spanish. In-person visits and phone calls are required for many official procedures, so language skills are critical for self-sufficiency. Social norms—including afternoon business closures, late mealtimes, and regionally specific holidays—may require patience and adaptation from Americans used to faster or more predictable service rhythms.​

Tip: Invest in language learning as early as possible and be proactive in building local friendships. This speeds up integration and makes everyday challenges easier to overcome.

Regional and Environmental Challenges

Spain’s diverse climate poses new risks: wildfires, floods, and heatwaves have recently impacted popular expat destinations like Málaga, Valencia, and Alicante. Region-specific regulations may also impact residency, business, or healthcare access. Planning ahead for local infrastructure, building resilience, and understanding emergency protocols is now an essential part of any relocation plan.​​

Tip: Research both city-level and neighborhood-level risks as well as the adaptability of buildings and communities to changing environmental conditions.

FAQ: How To Move To Spain From USA